Cardiovascular models including myocardial infarction …

Endogenous cardioprotection, influence of the presence of risk factors:

Ischemic preconditioning is a well-described adaptive response in which brief exposure to ischemia markedly enhances the ability of the heart to withstand a subsequent ischemic injury. Moreover, brief cycles of ischemia/reperfusion applied following a longer period of ischemia also confer cardioprotection against the consequences of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, a phenomenon called ischemic postconditioning. The discovery of these two major forms of endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms has encouraged the exploration of new ways to protect the ischemic/reperfused myocardium, but still has not led to a translation into clinical therapies.

Most experimental studies on cardioprotection have been undertaken with animal models, in which ischemia/reperfusion is imposed in the absence of other disease processes. However, ischemic heart disease in humans is a complex disorder caused by or associated with known cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and heart failure; additionally, ageing is an important moderating factor. In these conditions, the pathological processes are associated with fundamental molecular alterations that affect cardioprotective signalling in the myocardium. Therefore, to develop cardioprotective drugs, there is a critical need to study myocardial infarction in the presence of risk factors to maximize the likelihood of successfully developing rational approaches to therapeutic protection for the majority of patients with ischemic heart disease who are aged and/or have modifying comorbid conditions (Ferdinandy et al, Pharmacol Rev, 2007; Ovize et al, Cardiovascular Research, 2010).

The following endogenous cardioprotection models are available:

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Cardiovascular models including myocardial infarction ...