Category Archives: DNA

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August 21, 2014 Image Caption: This is Peng Mao in his lab in the WSU School of Molecular Biosciences. Credit: Rebecca E. Phillips Becky Phillips, Washington State University Scientists at Washington State University have identified a crucial step in DNA repair that could lead to targeted gene therapy for hereditary diseases such as children of the moon and a common form of colon cancer. Such disorders are caused by faulty DNA repair systems that increase the risk for cancer and other conditions. The findings are published in this weeks Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The study was funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Regents Professor Michael Smerdon and post-doctoral researcher Peng Mao found that when DNA is damaged, a specific protein must first be unbuckled to allow easy access for the DNA repair crew. Without this unbuckling, entry to the damaged site is hampered by the compact arrangement of genes and protein in chromosomes called chromatin. Smerdon and Maos finding is one of the first to document details of how this repair process takes place in chromatin. Daily demands for DNA repair Each human cell sustains a range of assaults that can create up to … Continue reading →

A Hemet man was found guilty Wednesday after DNA evidence taken during a theft conviction linked him to two unsolved rapes committed roughly 10 years ago. Kevin Lawrence Saint John, 45, faces 40 years to life in state prison after a jury convicted him of two felony counts of forcible rape, which carried sentence enhancement allegations, according to the Orange County district attorney's office. In 2012, Saint John's DNA was entered into a state database after he was convicted of receiving stolen property. His DNA matched with evidence collected during an investigation into two rapes committed in 2004, the district attorney's office said in a statement. He was ultimately arrested at his home in Rancho Cucamonga. Prosecutors said Saint John entered a 7-Eleven on Aug. 10, 2004, forced a 21-year-old store employee into a freezer and raped her. He used empty boxes to shield his face from surveillance cameras as he exited the store. Nearly a month later, he approached another 21-year-old woman, who was using a payphone in a Walmart parking lot, and offered to help her find a ride home. After she agreed to the ride, he drove her to an isolated construction area in Highland and raped … Continue reading →

BANGKOK: A DNA test of a Japanese man embroiled in a surrogacy scandal in Thailand shows that he is the biological father of at least 15 babies, police said Wednesday (Aug 20). But his motives remained a mystery two weeks after the discovery of nine babies in a Bangkok apartment triggered a human trafficking probe. The alleged father, who is reported by Japanese media to be the son of an IT millionaire, has left Thailand but voluntarily sent the DNA sample to try to clear his name. "It is confirmed that he is the father of all the babies - the 15 babies that we checked," Thai police doctor Lieutenant General Jongjate Aojanepong told AFP after the preliminary result. The authorities still hope that the man will return to Thailand to help with the investigation, police Lieutenant General Kokiat Wongvorachart told reporters. "If he comes, we will get clear information from him," he added. Asked about the content of a written explanation submitted by the Japanese through his lawyer, Kokiat said: "He said he can take care of them. He wants to have children." "From our checks of the living conditions of the babies, so far there has not been … Continue reading →

WINFIELD A judge will allow new DNA testing that could exonerate a Hurricane man whos spent more than 15 years in prison after being convicted of raping his 5-year-old daughter. Putnam Circuit Judge Joseph Reeder denied a request Wednesday made by Joseph Lavigne Jr. for a new trial, but granted his request to allow testing of various evidence that has either never been DNA tested before or hasnt been tested with current methods. Lavigne is serving a jail sentence of 22 to 60 years. The evidence includes hairs collected during his daughters examination at a hospital following the February 1996 rape and at a subsequent evaluation at the hospital the following month. It also includes towels and washcloths gathered from Lavignes home and swabs taken as part of a rape kit. Lavignes daughter, Katie Haught Kelly, has publicly said she doesnt believe he raped her, and the request for DNA testing referenced an affidavit in which she states shes absolutely certain he didnt do it. Joe has never disputed that someone abducted his daughter while she was sleeping at home and brutally assaulted her, Lavignes request to allow the testing states. He adamantly denies, however, that he was the perpetrator. … Continue reading →

SPRINGFIELD A new state law gives defendants who plead guilty a chance to use DNA evidence to clear their name if the evidence were not available during trial. The law most likely will be used in cases of murder and rape, but could be used for other cases in which DNA evidence would come into play, said sponsoring Sen. Kwame Raoul, D-Chicago. The change is not expected to open the floodgates to new DNA appeals, but removes Illinois from a list of only a handful of states that blocked such testing following a guilty plea. Post-trial DNA testing was a very limited opportunity. This makes it a little less limited, said Matt Jones, associate director of the states attorneys appellate prosecutor office. Under the law signed by Gov. Pat Quinn on Friday, a defendant will need to present a pretty solid case to a judge that new evidence had been found that could lead to overturning the conviction in a guilty plea. A judge will need to find that a defendant had a reasonable probability of being acquitted had the evidence been available when the case went to court. The law took effect immediately. Its an important element to make … Continue reading →

New DNA testing has prompted a judge to toss out a life sentence for the man convicted in the brutal 1996 murder of an elderly woman that shook a tiny northern Michigan town. A Circuit Court judge this week ordered a new trial for 39-year-old Jamie Lee Peterson, whose case was profiled by NBC News in December. The order was based largely on new DNA testing that implicated another man in the crime. Prosecutors must now decide whether to retry Peterson, who remains in prison, for the brutal October 1996 rape and slaying of Geraldine Montgomery, a 68-year-old former schoolteacher, in Kalkaska, Michigan, a town of about 2,200 residents in the northern reaches of the state. Lawyers and law students from the University of Michigans Innocence Clinic and the Center on Wrongful Convictions at Michigan University were instrumental in persuading the state to retest DNA evidence using technology unavailable at the time. The new results excluded Peterson, bolstering the argument his supporters and attorneys have made for years -- that he has been imprisoned for a crime he did not commit. "False confessions, especially by those who are cognitively impaired, are very real. It's truly thrilling, said A.J. Dixon, a … Continue reading →

Every day our DNA breaks a little. Special enzymes keep our genome intact while were alive, but after death, once the oxygen runs out, there is no more repair. Chemical damage accumulates, and decomposition brings its own kind of collapse: membranes dissolve, enzymes leak, and bacteria multiply. How long until DNA disappears altogether? Since the delicate molecule was discovered, most scientists had assumed that the DNA of the dead was rapidly and irretrievably lost. When Svante Pbo, now the director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany, first considered the question more than three decades ago, he dared to wonder if it might last beyond a few days or weeks. But Pbo and other scientists have now shown that if only a few of the trillions of cells in a body escape destruction, a genome may survive for tens of thousands of years. In his first book, Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes, Pbo logs the genesis of one of the most groundbreaking scientific projects in the history of the human race: sequencing the genome of a Neanderthal, a human-like creature who lived until about 40,000 years ago. Pbos tale is part heros journey and part … Continue reading →

Researchers may have overcome this obstacle with the development of a biochip that contains an array of artificial cells that enable the precise study of how gene expression changes with time. This system could be used to investigate how different cells change their activity as development proceedsor in response to environmental changes. The biochip was constructed by assembling bundles of DNA on the surface of circular silicon compartments (50 m radius and 1-3 m height). Thin capillaries were used to connect DNA compartments to a channel that provided nutrients and energy. Researchers were able to observe stablegene expression andexpression patterns that changed over time by tracking the presence of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed from the DNA. When the DNA bundles contained a gene that encodes GFP, the green glow showed a sharp onset after a two-hour delay, with steady-state levels reached in about eight hours. To look at more complex gene expression, the researchers put in the genes for a network of activators and repressors. Oscillatory gene expression dynamics, where GFP levels cycle through peaks and declines over 2.5 hours, were tracked via its green glow. Embryonic development is dependent on spatial arrangement of cells and their communication with … Continue reading →