Category Archives: Picomedicine

Scott Tebbutt is Associate Professor in the Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and Principal Investigator at the James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St. Pauls Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. Since 2006, he has served as Co-Director of the Molecular Phenotyping and Genotyping Core of the James Hogg Research Centre, and he is currently Director of the Technology Development Core. He is also Chief Scientific Officer of the Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, focused on heart, lung and kidney failure. Dr. Tebbutt earned his B.A. degree in Biochemistry from the University of Oxford (Oriel College), England in 1989, and his Ph.D. in Molecular Genetics from the University of East Anglia in 1993 (supervised by Dr. David Lonsdale, Cambridge Laboratory, John Innes Centre, England). He pursued post-doctoral fellowships in the laboratories of Professor Ann Harris (University of Oxford, Institute of Molecular Medicine) and Professor Diana Hill (University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand), where he studied the molecular genetics of cystic fibrosis. He was appointed Research Fellow at the University of Otago (1995-2001), leading a research team investigating the genomics of the sheep cystic fibrosis locus. He was seconded to a … Continue reading →

A clinical question needs to be directly relevant to the patient or problem at hand and phrased in such a way as to facilitate the search for an answer. PICO makes this process easier. It is a mnemonic for the important parts of a well-built clinical question. It also helps formulate the search strategy by identifying the key concepts that need to be in the article that can answer the question. PICO or PICOTT: PATIENT OR PROBLEM How would you describe a group of patients similar to yours? What are the most important characteristics of the patient? INTERVENTION, EXPOSURE, PROGNOSTIC FACTOR What main intervention are you considering? What do you want to do with this patient? COMPARISON What is the main alternative being considered, if any? OUTCOME What are you trying to accomplish, measure, improve or affect? Type of Question Therapy / Diagnosis / Harm / Prognosis / Prevention Type of Study Systematic review / RCT / cohort study / case control Visit link: PICO - Evidence-Based Practice - LibGuides at Duke ... … Continue reading →

Questions often spring to mind in a form that makes finding answers in the medical literature a challenge. Dissecting the question into its component parts and restructuring it so that it is easy to find the answers is an essential first step in Evidence Based Medicine (EBM). Many questions can be divided into 4 parts: Many clinical or research questions can be divided into these four components, which we call P I C O. Try to use all four parts of the question, if possible. Different types of questions The most common type of clinical question is about how to treat a disease or condition. In Evidence Based Medicine (EBM), treatments and therapies are called interventions and such questions are questions of INTERVENTION. Not all research questions are about interventions. Other types of questions may arise: In each case the P I C O method can be used to formulate the question, as shown in the following examples. You can use the same approach to research qualitative questions about health issues of a more general nature (i.e. PHENOMENA). In this case, the question will consist of P and O only. The studies that you will need to find in the … Continue reading →

About sodium picosulfate Type of medicine Stimulant laxative Used for Constipation and before some surgery or medical examinations Also called For constipation: Dulcolax Pico For before medical procedures: CitraFleet; Picolax Available as Capsules, oral solution, sachets of powder Constipation can be caused by a poor diet, not drinking enough water and not going to the toilet as soon as you feel you need to. Pregnancy, a lack of exercise or movement (such as being ill in bed) and some medicines, including some painkillers, can also cause constipation. However, many people take laxatives when they do not need to because they believe that they are constipated unless they go to the toilet every day. This is not the case. A useful definition of constipation is going to the toilet less frequently than is normal for you, and passing hard stools (poo) when you do go. Sodium picosulfate works by encouraging the muscles in your bowel to move waste products through your body. This helps you to go to the toilet. It usually has an effect within 6-12 hours. Sodium picosulfate preparations are available to buy without a prescription at pharmacies and other retail outlets. Preparations containing sodium picosulfate (in combination with … Continue reading →

Drug Factsheets Health Home>>Medications (picosulfate sodium - magnesium oxide - citric acid) DIN (Drug Identification Number) 02254794 PICO-SALAX POWDER FOR SOLUTION How does Pico-Salax work? What will it do for me? This is a combination product that contains three ingredients: picosulfate sodium, magnesium oxide, and citric acid. This medication is used to cleanse the bowel in preparation for a colonoscopy, barium enema x-ray exam, or surgical procedures that require a clean colon. Picosulfate sodium belongs to the class of medications called stimulant laxatives, which activate the colon and stimulate the muscles in the colon to contract, causing a bowel movement. Magnesium oxide and citric acid combine to form magnesium citrate, which is an osmotic laxative that increases water in the colon. The combined effect clears out the bowels. Full bowel cleansing usually occurs within 3 to 6 hours or less. This medication may be available under multiple brand names and/or in several different forms. Any specific brand name of this medication may not be available in all of the forms or approved for all of the conditions discussed here. As well, some forms of this medication may not be used for all of the conditions discussed here. Your doctor may … Continue reading →

A retrospective cohort study, also called a historic cohort study, generally means to take a look back at events that already have taken place. For example, the term is used in medicine, describing a look back at a patient's medical history or lifestyle. Retrospective cohort studies have existed for approximately as long as prospective cohort studies.[1] It is a medical research study in which the medical records of groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic (for example, female nurses who smoke and those who do not smoke) are compared for a particular outcome (such as lung cancer).[2] In retrospective cohort studies, a risk ratio or odds ratio gives an assessment of relative risk.[3] In the case of a retrospective cohort study, the investigator collects data from past records and does not follow patients up as is the case with a prospective study. However, the starting point of this study is the same as for all cohort studies. The first objective is still to establish two groups - exposed versus non-exposed; and these groups are followed up in the ensuing time period. In a nutshell, in Retrospective Cohort Study, all the events - … Continue reading →

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Finding relevant medical information is often easier if you first develop a PICO question. This is a way of formulating a medical question to better match the capabilities of database (MEDLINE, etc.) search engines. PICO is an acronym for: PICO Example: Therapy In a 4 year old boy requiring antibiotics, do probiotics decrease the risk of developing antibiotic associated diarrhea? P = 4 yo male on antibiotics I = probiotics C = none/placebo O = decrease the risk of antibiotic associated diarrhea PICO terms can be used to create a potential search strategy to search relevent EBM and health databases. Since terminology in the health in filled with synonyms, you may need to list and search multiple terms for a single concept: P = antibiotics, antimicrobial agents I = probiotic, probiotics, lactobacillus, acidophilus O = diarrhea From this PICO, a good search strategy might look like this: (antibiotics OR antimicrobial agents) AND (probiotics OR lactobacillus OR acidophilus) AND diarrhea Try using a PICO Worksheet to convert your scenario into a search query and process to find relevant articles in EBM resources and databases. More: PICO Questions - Ebling Library … Continue reading →

Maarianhamina, forma finlandesa de Mariehamn. Maas, nombre neerlands del Mosa. Maastricht (pronunciacin local: /mstrijt/), ciudad del SE de los Pases Bajos, capital de la provincia de Limburg, a orillas del ro Maas; 113,000 habitantes. MacAlester (pronunciacin local: /maclester/) (grafa inglesa McAlester), ciudad del SE del estado de Okiahoma (Estados Unidos); 17,000 habitantes. MacAllen (pronunciacin local: /maclen/) (grafa inglesa McAllen), ciudad del S del estado de Texas (Estados Unidos), a 80 km al ONO de Brownsville; 84,000 habitantes. Fue fundada en 1905. macaense (adjetivo y sustantivo), de Macao. Macao (portugus Macau), territorio portugus de ultramar, que consta de la pennsula de Macao y de las islas de Taipa y Colane, en el SE de China, a 65 km al O de Hong Kong; 18 km; 460,000 habitantes; cabecera: Macao. Gentilicio: macaense; lenguas: chino cantons, portugus. Ver en mapa de Asia Oriental. Macao (portugus Macau), pennsula de la costa del SE de China; all est casi toda la poblacin de Macao. Macao (portugus Macau o Santo Nome de Deus de Macao), puerto y cabecera de Macao, que ocupa casi todo el territorio. El poeta portugus Cames escribi all hacia 1558 parte de Los Lusiadas (o Los Portugueses). Macap, puerto del N del … Continue reading →

Inspired from biological systems, nanotechnology (and more recently, picotechnology) is beginning to revolutionize medicine including the improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of numerous diseases. This discussion will summarize efforts over the past decade that ave synthesized novel nanoparticles, nanotubes, and other nanomaterials to improve medicine. Efforts focused on the use of nanomaterials to minimize immune cell interactions, inhibit infection, and increase tissue growth will be especially emphasized. Tissue systems covered will include the nervous system, orthopedics, bladder, cardiovascular, vascular, and the bladder. Materials to be covered will include ceramics, metals, polymers, and composites thereof. Self-assembled nanochemistries will also be emphasized. Lastly, efforts to examine nanoparticle toxicity as well as nanosensors for the real-time monitoring of biological responses in the body will be presented. Thus, this discussion will: summarize recent advances in novel nanomaterials for medical devices; emphasize novel properties of nano- and pico-technology derived materials for biosensor applications; and identify how such materials can be used to decrease inflammation, infection and improve tissue growth. Webster, T. (2014). Transitioning from nanomedicine to picomedicine. In A. Bajaj, P. Zavattieri, M. Koslowski, & T. Siegmund (Eds.). Proceedings of the Society of Engineering Science 51st Annual Technical Meeting, October 1-3, 2014 , West Lafayette: … Continue reading →