DNA babies: England may allow babies to be created from DNA of three people

LONDON -- British lawmakers will vote Tuesday on whether to let scientists use controversial techniques to create babies from the DNA of three people -- a move that could prevent children from inheriting potentially fatal diseases yet would make Britain the first country in the world to allow embryos to be genetically modified.

The techniques -- which aim to prevent mothers from passing on inherited diseases -- involve altering a human egg or embryo before transferring it into the mother. British law currently forbids any such modification.

The technology is completely different from that used to create genetically modified foods, where scientists typically select individual genes to be transferred from one organism into another.

In Britain's House of Commons on Tuesday, health minister Jane Ellison kicked off the debate by urging support for the change.

"This is a bold step to take, but it is a considered and informed step," she said, of the proposed technology to help women with mitochondrial diseases.

Defects in the mitochondria can result in diseases including muscular dystrophy, heart, kidney and liver failure and severe muscle weakness.

Critics, however, say the techniques cross a fundamental scientific boundary, since the changes made to the embryos will be passed on to future generations. They say approving these techniques could lead to the creation of "designer babies."

"(This is) about protecting children from the severe health risks of these unnecessary techniques and protecting everyone from the eugenic designer-baby future that will follow from this," said David King, director of the secular watchdog group Human Genetics Alert.

The techniques would likely only be used in about a dozen British women every year who have faulty mitochondria, the energy-producing structures outside a cell's nucleus. To fix that, scientists remove the nucleus DNA from the egg of a prospective mother and insert it into a donor egg from which the nucleus DNA has been removed. This can be done either before or after fertilization.

The resulting embryo would end up with the nucleus DNA from its parents but the mitochondrial DNA from the donor. Scientists say the DNA from the donor egg amounts to less than 1 percent of the resulting embryo's genes.

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DNA babies: England may allow babies to be created from DNA of three people