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Age, sex factors in effects of brain injury, concussion, study says

Posted: Published on May 13th, 2012

ROBERT MacLEOD From Saturday's Globe and Mail Published Friday, May. 11, 2012 6:13PM EDT Last updated Friday, May. 11, 2012 11:02PM EDT Female and younger athletes show more symptoms of a concussion, and take longer to recover from its effects, a U.S. study has found. The research, out of Michigan State University, suggests that physicians and athletic trainers should now take both age and sex into account when dealing with an athlete who has suffered a brain injury. Ian Dawe, physician-in-chief at Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, in Whitby, Ont., said the study findings concur with what he and other Canadian experts in concussion and traumatic brain injury are seeing. Women tend to have a higher mortality rate following a severe traumatic brain injury than men, Dawe said Friday. Outcomes do seem worse and recovery seems to be longer from those severe injuries. It wouldnt be a stretch to look at concussions and see a similar pattern. Other studies, which have included hockey players, have also shown an apparent increased risk in females. We dont know the exact reasons but concussion risk may be influenced by gender, neck strength/weakness, reaction time, symptom reporting, etc, said Dr. Michael Stuart … Continue reading

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Mild traumatic brain injury may contribute to brain network dysfunction

Posted: Published on May 13th, 2012

ScienceDaily (May 11, 2012) Even mild head injuries can cause significant abnormalities in brain function that last for several days, which may explain the neurological symptoms experienced by some individuals who have experienced a head injury associated with sports, accidents or combat, according to a study by Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine researchers. These findings, published in the May issue of the Journal of Neuroscience, advance research in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI), enabling researchers to better understand what brain structural or functional changes underlie posttraumatic disorders -- a question that until now has remained unclear. Previous research has shown that even a mild case of TBI can result in long-lasting neurological issues that include slowing of cognitive processes, confusion, chronic headache, posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. The VCU team, led by Kimberle M. Jacobs, Ph.D. , associate professor in the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , demonstrated for the first time, using sophisticated bioimaging and electrophysiological approaches, that mild injury can cause structural disruption of axons in the brain while also changing the way the neurons fire in areas where they have not been structurally altered. Axons are nerve fibers in the brain responsible for conducting … Continue reading

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New MS treatment may cause death: FDA

Posted: Published on May 13th, 2012

The liberation therapy for MS targets chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency. (File photo) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorities have warned that an experimental treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) called "liberation therapy" has no proven benefit and may even cause death. The FDA has issued a warning saying that using the unproven treatment for MS patients has caused death, strokes, nerve damage and abdominal bleeding. The unproven treatment targets chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) or narrowing of the veins in the head and neck that is often linked to MS. The procedure includes widening narrowed veins in the chest and neck through the use of balloon angioplasty or stents. Both of the techniques are commonly used to treat the blocked or narrowed coronary arteries of the heart. "Because there is no reliable evidence from controlled clinical trials that this procedure is effective in treating MS, FDA encourages rigorously-conducted, properly-targeted research to evaluate the relationship between CCSVI and MS, the federal agency recommended in a statement. Patients are encouraged to discuss the potential risks and benefits of this procedure with a neurologist or other physician who is familiar with MS and CCSVI, including the CCSVI procedures and their outcomes," the statement added. … Continue reading

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FDA Issues Warning On Unproven MS Treatment

Posted: Published on May 13th, 2012

Editor's Choice Main Category: Multiple Sclerosis Article Date: 11 May 2012 - 13:00 PDT Current Article Ratings: 2.75 (4 votes) The procedure, known as liberation therapy or liberation procedure, uses stents, also known as angioplasty, to widen veins in the chest and neck. Stents are small spring loaded devices placed into arteries or veins to hold them open. They have been used successfully in heart patients, although even that has its controversies. Theory has it that CCSVI is caused by poor drainage from the brain and upper spinal cord, so the procedure makes sense to some. However, the theory is just that and research into the causes of the disease, especially in terms of finding a link between MS and CCSVI, have been inconclusive. Even the criteria used to diagnose CCSVI has not been properly established. William Maisel, M.D., M.P.H., chief scientist and deputy director for science in the FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health, confirm's the FDA's stance on the treatment : Widening the veins in the neck and chest has been associated with a variety of issues including: stroke, detachment and migration of the stents, damage to the treated vein, blood clots, cranial nerve damage, abdominal bleeding … Continue reading

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U.S. regulator issues alert on dangers of controversial MS treatment

Posted: Published on May 13th, 2012

CAROLINE ALPHONSO TORONTO From Friday's Globe and Mail Published Thursday, May. 10, 2012 9:32PM EDT Last updated Friday, May. 11, 2012 8:31AM EDT In stark contrast to Canadas go-slow approach, U.S. drug regulators have issued their strongest warning yet to multiple sclerosis patients about the dangers of a controversial new treatment. The Food and Drug Administration issued its alert on Thursday after it received adverse reports connected with two patients who had the experimental therapy in the United States: One died from bleeding in the brain and another was paralyzed from a stroke. The agency said it also has heard reports of stents (sometimes used in the procedure) migrating to the heart, cranial nerve damage, blood clots and abdominal bleeding related to the procedure. The frequency of these complications is unknown. Because there is no reliable evidence from controlled clinical trials that this procedure is effective in treating MS, FDA encourages rigorously conducted, properly targeted research to evaluate the relationship between [the therapy] and MS, said William Maisel, chief scientist and deputy director for science in the FDAs Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Patients are encouraged to discuss the potential risks and benefits of this procedure with a neurologist … Continue reading

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Hormones play vital role in skin's health

Posted: Published on May 13th, 2012

wwltv.com Posted on May 11, 2012 at 10:31 PM Updated Saturday, May 12 at 1:41 AM Meg Farris / Eyewitness News Email: mfarris@wwltv.com | Twitter: @megfarriswwl Controversy years ago over hormone replacement therapy after menopause, caused many women to stop taking their hormones. And that's when dermatologist began seeing women's skin become dry, wrinkled and thin,fast. But now the latest studies are changing the minds for doctors about how important "body identical" non-oral hormones are for health and beauty,head to toe,especially with the skin. Celebrity Suzanne Somers, 65, long ago told her fans her secret to anti-aging. "Icall it restoration verses deterioration. Put back what we lost in the aging process which happens earlier and earlier," said Somers about being on hormone therapy after menopause. Doctors agree. Youthful, feminine skin starts with the hormone girls' ovaries have been producing their entire lives, estrogen. "It was no mystery to dermatologists. We know for a very long time that estrogens are very good for the aging of the skin.It prevents it. It helps reverse it," explained New Orleans dermatologist Dr. Mary Lupo. But for the first time in human history,women are living half of their lives after menopause,that's when the ovaries stop … Continue reading

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Successful Stem Cell Differentiation Requires DNA Compaction

Posted: Published on May 13th, 2012

Newswise New research findings show that embryonic stem cells unable to fully compact the DNA inside them cannot complete their primary task: differentiation into specific cell types that give rise to the various types of tissues and structures in the body. Researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University found that chromatin compaction is required for proper embryonic stem cell differentiation to occur. Chromatin, which is composed of histone proteins and DNA, packages DNA into a smaller volume so that it fits inside a cell. A study published on May 10, 2012 in the journal PLoS Genetics found that embryonic stem cells lacking several histone H1 subtypes and exhibiting reduced chromatin compaction suffered from impaired differentiation under multiple scenarios and demonstrated inefficiency in silencing genes that must be suppressed to induce differentiation. While researchers have observed that embryonic stem cells exhibit a relaxed, open chromatin structure and differentiated cells exhibit a compact chromatin structure, our study is the first to show that this compaction is not a mere consequence of the differentiation process but is instead a necessity for differentiation to proceed normally, said Yuhong Fan, an assistant professor in the Georgia Tech School of Biology. Fan and … Continue reading

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Successful stem cell differentiation requires DNA compaction, study finds

Posted: Published on May 13th, 2012

ScienceDaily (May 11, 2012) New research findings show that embryonic stem cells unable to fully compact the DNA inside them cannot complete their primary task: differentiation into specific cell types that give rise to the various types of tissues and structures in the body. Researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University found that chromatin compaction is required for proper embryonic stem cell differentiation to occur. Chromatin, which is composed of histone proteins and DNA, packages DNA into a smaller volume so that it fits inside a cell. A study published on May 10, 2012 in the journal PLoS Genetics found that embryonic stem cells lacking several histone H1 subtypes and exhibiting reduced chromatin compaction suffered from impaired differentiation under multiple scenarios and demonstrated inefficiency in silencing genes that must be suppressed to induce differentiation. "While researchers have observed that embryonic stem cells exhibit a relaxed, open chromatin structure and differentiated cells exhibit a compact chromatin structure, our study is the first to show that this compaction is not a mere consequence of the differentiation process but is instead a necessity for differentiation to proceed normally," said Yuhong Fan, an assistant professor in the Georgia Tech School of … Continue reading

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Genetic ‘Signature’ Predicts Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Response: Study

Posted: Published on May 13th, 2012

Scientists have uncovered genetic signs that could help doctors predict how breast cancer patients will respond to chemotherapy. Researchers led by McMaster University biochemist John A. Hassell found two sets of genes that could indicate the presence of higher levels of two proteins targeted by commonly used chemotherapy drugs. They reported their results in a paper published Thursday in the journal BMC Medical Genomics. Hassell and his colleagues focused on the enzyme TOP2A or the protein beta-tubulin, which are targeted by anthracycline and taxane chemotherapy drugs, respectively. Without those targets, the chemotherapy won't work. The researchers built their 'gene expression signatures' by looking at the expression levels - how often the genes are transcribed - of genes that correlated with the expression levels for the genes encoding TOP2A and beta-tubulin. Follow us If the signature indicates a patient's tumor is making a lot of TOP2A and beta-tubulin, there's a good chance that chemotherapy will be more effective. And on the flip side, if a patient's genetic signature indicates that chemotherapy wouldn't be as successful, doctors can avoid giving the patient a treatment that would do more harm than good. Using data for a group of 488 breast cancer patients, Hassell … Continue reading

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Focus Groups Share Thoughts on Direct-To-Consumer Genetic Tests

Posted: Published on May 13th, 2012

May 11, 2012 Connie K. Ho for RedOrbit.com Researchers at Loyola University Chicagos Stritch School of Medicine have found that patients see both benefits and risks from direct-to-consumer genetic tests. Dr. Katherine Wasson, a specialist on the ethics of direct-to-consumer genetic tests, and colleagues conducted the experiment. The study, published in the American Journal of Bioethics Primary Research, showed that the patients were concerned about the end game of the genetic test results. There are a few companies, such as 23andMe, deCODE Genetics and Navigenics, that currently test consumers for single gene disorders like cystic fibrosis; complex disorders with multiple genes like cancer, heart disease, and diabetes; traits like hair color, eye color, and baldness; as well as allergies to drugs like Coumadin for a fee ranging from $100 to $1,500. Normally, consumers can order these tests directly and receive the exams without having to go through a health-care professional like a geneticist or a genetic counselor. In the study, the researchers conducted four focus groups with 29 participants who were primary care patients at Loyola University Medical Center. After they received information about the direct-to-consumer genetic testing, they were to give their opinions on the exams. The focus groups … Continue reading

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