A clinical question needs to be directly relevant to the patient or problem at hand and phrased in such a way as to facilitate the search for an answer. PICO makes this process easier. It is a mnemonic for the important parts of a well-built clinical question. It also helps formulate the search strategy by identifying the key concepts that need to be in the article that can answer the question.
PICO or PICOTT:
PATIENT OR PROBLEM How would you describe a group of patients similar to yours? What are the most important characteristics of the patient?
INTERVENTION, EXPOSURE, PROGNOSTIC FACTOR What main intervention are you considering? What do you want to do with this patient?
COMPARISON What is the main alternative being considered, if any?
OUTCOME What are you trying to accomplish, measure, improve or affect?
Type of Question Therapy / Diagnosis / Harm / Prognosis / Prevention
Type of Study Systematic review / RCT / cohort study / case control
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