The latest technology in tissue regeneration is stem cell therapy. This technology will forever change the medical field and outcomes of treating disease.
A stem cell is a cell that has the potential to regenerate tissue over a lifetime. Properties of stem cells are assessed for their ability to differentiate and self-renew. There are different origins of stem cells.
Embryonic
Embryonic stem cell lines are cultures of cells derived from the blastocyst or earlier stage embryos. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and give rise during development to all derivatives of the three primary germ layers, the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. Embryonic stem cells (pluripotent) have the potential to differentiate into each of the more than 200 cell types of the human body. Once past embryonic development, pluripotent stem cells can only develop into certain cell types.
Three Primary Germ Layers Are: Ectoderm: Nervous System, Skin Endoderm: Entire Gut, Lungs Mesoderm: Muscle, Bone, Blood
Fetal The primitive stem cells located in the organs of fetuses are referred to as fetal stem cells. There are two types of stem cells that are referred to as fetal stem cells.
Fetal proper stem cells come from the tissue of the fetus proper, and have a high level of division and are multipotent. Fetal multipotent stem cells have high proliferation, and are capable of multilineage differentiation (develop multiple tissue types). Fetal multipotent stem cells have shown to exert strong immunomodulatory effects. Extraembryonic fetal stem cells come from extraembryonic membranes, and are generally not distinguished from adult stem cells. These stem cells are acquired after birth, and have a high level of cell division, and are pluripotent.
Adult Stem Cells
An adult stem cell is a specialized cell found in a tissue or organ that can renew itself, and can multiply into specialized cell types of that tissue or organ. The primary role of adult stem cells in a living organism is to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found. Stem cells play an important role in the early stages of wound repair and tissue regeneration. Scientists have found adult stem cells in many more tissues than they once thought, but the origin of adult stem cells still remains unknown.
Adult Stem Cells; The Latest in Human Tissue Engineering in Dermatology
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