VetGo Cardiology

Available Sections

1. Cardiovascular Physiology[detailed listing] 2. Pathophysiology[detailed listing] 3. Clinical Evaluation of Heart Disease[detailed listing] 4. Thoracic Radiograph Tutorial[detailed listing] 5. General Therapeutic Concepts[detailed listing] 6. Acquired Heart Disease[detailed listing] 7. Heartworm Disease[detailed listing] 8. Congenital Heart Disease[detailed listing] 9. Electrocardiology[detailed listing] 10. Echocardiography[detailed listing]

Cardiovascular Physiology Structure and Function Go -> du hc nht bn Go -> Hosting gi r uy tn Go -> Chm sc qun o cho b yu ng cch? Go -> T vn chin lc thng hiu cho doanh nghip nh Go -> Truyen sex Go -> Make Money Online Go -> xem phim online - phim nhanh - phim mi Go -> Trc tip Man Utd 0-0 Newcastle: Ch nh p sn Go -> nn len cho b Go -> giy len cho b Go -> Anatomy of the cardiovascular system Go -> xem phim online - phim nhanh - phim mi Go -> What is the role of the heart? Go -> What is the role of the systemic arterial system? Go -> What is the role of the systemic venous system? Go -> What is the role of the pulmonary arterial system? Go -> What is the role of the pulmonary venous system? Go -> How is the function of the pulmonary arterial tree different from the systemic arterial tree? Go -> How does the anatomy of the pulmonary arterial tree differ from the systemic arterial tree such that it supports the difference in function between the two systems? Go -> What is the role of the capillary beds? Go -> What is the role of Starling forces? Go -> What are the functions of the components of the heart? Go -> What components of the cardiovascular system could be responsible for cardiovascular disease - or - where within the cardiovascular system could malfunction occur? Edema Formation Go -> Truyen sex Go -> What is edema? Go -> Where does edema develop? Go -> What factors promote the development of edema? Lymphatics Go -> What is the role of the lymphatic system? Go -> How is lymph formed? Go -> What factors promote the flux of fluid? Go -> The student should be familiar with: The Microcirculation Go -> What are the transcapillary exchange mechanisms? Go -> Identify the components of the microcirculation Vascular Control Go -> What are the factors that control BP? Go -> What affects organ flow? Go -> What factors affect peripheral vascular resistance (also called total peripheral resistance or systemic vascular resistance)? Go -> What is the role of Baroreceptors (carotid/aortic arch) in BP control? Go -> Role of atrial volume receptors: Go -> What is syncope? Go -> What are the causes of syncope? Go -> What is the role of Natriuretic Peptide? The Cardiac Cycle Go -> da Go -> Identify the 3 components to diastole. Go -> Wiggers Diagram: Compensation for Circulatory Failure Go -> How does the cardiovascular system respond to failure? Go -> What is the response of the circulatory system in the case of Shock? Go -> Why is the shock response counter productive for cases of cardiac disease causing a fall in BP? Go -> How is the shock response counter-productive for cases of cardiac disease causing a fall in BP? The Determinants of Myocardial Performance Go -> What are the determinants of myocardial performance? Go -> What is myocardial oxygen demand? Go -> What factors affect MVO2? Go -> What is Wall Stress? Go -> What is Stroke Volume? Go -> What is Cardiac Output? Go -> How does heart rate affect myocardial performance? Go -> What factors affect heart rate? Go -> How do baroreceptors affect cardiac function? Go -> How might an abnormality of heart rate manifest? Go -> What is preload? Go -> How is preload measured? Go -> How does preload affect myocardial performance? Go -> What is The Frank Starling Law of the heart? Go -> What factors affect preload? Go -> How might an abnormality of preload manifest? Go -> How does the autonomic nervous system affect preload? Go -> What is afterload? Go -> What factors affect afterload? Go -> What factors determine blood pressure? Go -> What is pulse pressure? Go -> What is perfusion pressure? Go -> What factors affect the physical examination assessment of systemic BP? Go -> How is afterload measured? Go -> How does afterload affect myocardial performance? Go -> What factors determine arterial resistance? Go -> How might an abnormality of afterload manifest? Go -> How does the autonomic nervous system affect afterload? Go -> What is contractility? Go -> What factors affect contractility? Go -> How is contractility measured? Go -> How does contractility affect myocardial performance? Go -> How might an abnormality of contractility manifest? Go -> How does the autonomic nervous system affect contractility? Go -> What is distensibility? Go -> What factors affect distensibility? Go -> How is distensibility measured? Go -> How does distensibility affect myocardial performance? Go -> How might an abnormality of distensibility manifest? Go -> How does the autonomic nervous system affect distensibility? Go -> What is synergy of contraction? Go -> How does dyssynergy of contraction affect myocardial performance? Go -> How might an abnormality of synergy of contraction manifest? Go -> How might an abnormality of synergy of contraction be resolved? Go -> How does the autonomic nervous system affect synergy of contraction? Neuro-Control of the Heart and Vasculature Go -> What is the role of the autonomic nervous system? Go -> What is the effect of activation of the autonomic nervous system? Go -> What is the messenger of the SNS and PNS: Go -> How does the SNS mediate its action? Go -> How does the PNS mediate its action? Go -> How do Beta receptors work? Go -> How do Alpha receptors work? Go -> How do Muscarinic receptors work? Go -> Discuss the regulation of G protein coupled receptors: Electro - Mechanical Association: Go -> What occurs during the action potential with respect to Ca ions? Go -> How does the process of vascular smooth muscle contraction differ from myocardial contraction? Go -> Describe the process of relaxation. Go -> Why might one want to increase contractility? Go -> How can contractility be enhanced? Go -> How does contractility occur? Go -> What are the contractile proteins? Regulatory proteins? Structural proteins? Go -> xem phim truy lng qui yu online min ph Go -> What is the significance of the concept calcium induced calcium release? Go -> What are the following terms: The Electrical Side of the Heart Go -> What is the role of the electrical system of the heart? Go -> What are the components of the electrical system in the heart? Go -> How does the horse and cow differ from the dog and cat with respect to the anatomy of their conduction system? Go -> What is occurring during the components of the ECG? Go -> Identify the lead systems used to obtain an ECG; Go -> What is a lead? Go -> In what capacity is the ECG a valuable tool in the assessment of cardiovascular disease in domestic animals? Go -> What is an action potential? Go -> How does a myocardial action potential differ from a skeletal muscle action potential? Go -> What are the components of the myocardial action potential? Go -> What is the refractory period? Go -> Myocardial cells can be divided into automatic and non-automatic cells. Causes of Heart Failure Go -> Where is the abnormality?

Pathophysiology General Go -> What is heart failure? Go -> What is congestive heart failure? Go -> How is heart disease different from heart failure? Go -> What is myocardial oxygen consumption? Go -> How do changes in myocardial oxygen consumption alter cardiac performance? Go -> What are the determinants of cardiac output? Go -> What is preload? Go -> How do changes in preload change cardiac performance? Go -> How are changes in preload detected on physical examination? Go -> What is afterload? Go -> How do changes in afterload change cardiac performance? Go -> How are changes in afterload detected on physical examination? Go -> What is contractility? Go -> How do changes in contractility change cardiac performance? Go -> How are changes in contractility detected on physical examination? Go -> How do changes in heart rate (HR) change cardiac performance? Go -> What is distensibility? Go -> How do changes in distensibility change cardiac performance? Go -> How are changes in distensibility detected on physical examination? Go -> What is synergy of contraction? Go -> How do changes in synergy of contraction change cardiac performance? Go -> How are disorders characterized by dyssynergy of contraction detected on physical examination? Go -> What are the compensatory measures that occur in heart failure? Go -> List the mechanisms that promote arterial vasoconstriction in Heart Failure

Clinical Evaluation of Heart Disease The Physical Exam Go -> Thin long bt b 3d mobile Go -> What are the historical findings in heart failure? Go -> What are the physical examination findings in heart failure? Go -> What are pulse deficits? Go -> What is a hepato-jugular reflux (HJR) response? Go -> How do I interpret the arterial pulse? Go -> What diagnostic aids are available to evaluate the heart? Go -> What abnormalities can be detected by cardiac palpation? Go -> What can be learned from auscultation? Go -> What are some important technical aspects about stethoscopes and auscultation? Go -> What is the origin of the normal heart sounds, S1 and S2? Go -> What are heart murmurs? Go -> What causes heart murmurs? Go -> Can heart murmurs occur in the absence of anatomic or physiologic changes to the heart? Go -> How does the detection of a heart murmur help us determine the type of heart disease? Go -> What are some special considerations for heart murmurs in cats? Go -> What other abnormalities may be detected by cardiac auscultation and what is their significance? Radiographic Evaluation Go -> Can radiography diagnose heart failure and how? Go -> What are the radiographic features of pulmonary venous distention and pulmonary edema? Go -> What other cardiac abnormalities can be diagnosed by radiography? Go -> What are the radiographic features of cardiac chamber enlargement? Go -> How can vertebral heart size (VHS) be used to evaluate heart size? Go -> What abnormalities of the great vessels might be identified by routine radiography? Go -> What radiographic features might suggest the presence of heartworm disease? Go -> Can radiography diagnose pericardial effusion? Electrocardiographic Evaluation Go -> Can electrocardiography diagnose heart failure and how? Go -> What abnormalities can be diagnosed by the ECG? Hematologic Evaluation Go -> Can blood work diagnose heart failure? Go -> What cardiac abnormalities can be diagnosed by blood work? Go -> Why is BNP a potentially useful test in veterinary medicine? Echocardiographic Evaluation Go -> Can echocardiography diagnose heart failure? Go -> What other abnormalities can be diagnosed by echocardiography? Go -> What is Doppler echocardiography? How is it useful?

Thoracic Radiograph Tutorial Thoracic Radiograph Evaluation Go -> Radiopacity and Radiolucency Go -> How does air appear radiographically? Go -> Why do we do Thoracic Radiographs in Cardiology? Go -> The Role of Starling Forces Go -> The Role of the Lymphatic System Thoracic Radiograph Evaluation of Left-Sided Heart Failure Go -> Thoracic Radiograph Evaluation of Left-Sided Heart Failure Go -> How do we assess pulmonary venous engorgement radiographically? Go -> How do peribronchial patterns appear radiographically? Go -> How do air bronchograms appear radiographically? Go -> What do lobar signs look like radiographically? Thoracic Radiograph Evaluation of Right-Sided Heart Failure Go -> Thoracic Radiograph Evaluation of Right-Sided Heart Failure Go -> What do Fissure lines look like radiographically? Go -> How does one differentiate a fissure line from a lobar sign? Go -> What does leafing of the lung lobes look like radiographically? Other Thoracic Radiograph Observations Go -> What do Cotton-like Densities look like radiographically?

General Therapeutic Concepts Therapy of Heart Failure Go -> What Are Some General Considerations in the Therapy of Heart Failure? Go -> How is the Response to Heart Failure like that of Shock? Go -> Outline the classes of drugs used to treat heart failure. Go -> List common diuretics used to treat heart failure and list their advantages and disadvantages. Go -> List common venodilators used to treat heart failure and outline their advantages and disadvantages. Go -> List common arteriolar dilators used to treat heart failure and outline their advantages and disadvantages. Go -> List common angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and outline their advantages and disadvantages. Go -> List combined vasodilators used to treat heart failure and outline their advantages and disadvantages. Go -> How can drug induced hypotension be detected? Go -> List positive inotropes used to treat heart failure and outline their advantages and disadvantages. Go -> List negative inotropes used to treat heart failure and outline their advantages and disadvantages. Go -> List beta-blockers used to treat heart failure and outline their advantages and disadvantages. Go -> What have we learned from the veterinary clinical heart failure trials? Go -> How should I treat congestive heart failure? Go -> How should I treat the patient with fulminant pulmonary edema? Go -> How would the authors treat the patient with severe congestive heart failure on an outpatient basis? Go -> How should the patient with refractory heart failure or refractory ascites due to systolic dysfunction be treated? Go -> Should I treat the patient that has heart disease without heart failure with the goal of improving survival? Go -> What is the prognosis with therapy for heart failure?

Acquired Heart Disease General Go -> Dog Breed Predilections Go -> Chronic Mitral Valve Insufficiency (CMVI) - What is it? Go -> How does chronic mitral valve insufficiency present? Go -> How is chronic mitral valve insufficiency diagnosed? Go -> How is chronic mitral valve insufficiency treated? Go -> What is the prognosis with chronic mitral valve insufficiency? Go -> What is cardiomyopathy? Go -> What is the etiology of canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)? Go -> How does canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) present? Go -> How is canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) diagnosed? Go -> How is canine dilated cardiomyopathy treated? Go -> What is the prognosis with canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)? Go -> What is feline dilated cardiomyopathy? Go -> What is the etiology of feline dilated cardiomyopathy? Go -> How does feline dilated cardiomyopathy present? Go -> How is feline dilated cardiomyopathy diagnosed? Go -> How is feline dilated cardiomyopathy treated? Go -> What is the prognosis with feline dilated cardiomyopathy? Go -> What is feline thromboembolic disease? Go -> What is feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? Go -> How does feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) present? Go -> How is feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) diagnosed? Go -> How is feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treated? Go -> What is the prognosis for feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)? Go -> What is feline restrictive cardiomyopathy? Go -> Are there other forms of feline cardiomyopathy? Go -> What is feline hyperthyroidism? Go -> How does feline hyperthyroidism present? Go -> How is feline hyperthyroidism diagnosed? Go -> How is feline hyperthyroidism treated? Go -> What is the prognosis with feline hyperthyroidism? Go -> How does Boxer Cardiomyopathy differ from canine dilated cardiomyopathy? Go -> Does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occur in the dog? Go -> Pericardial disease: what types of disorders are there? Go -> Pericardial effusion - What is the abnormality? Go -> How does pericardial effusion present? Go -> How is pericardial effusion diagnosed? Go -> What is cardiac tamponade? Go -> How is pericardial effusion treated? Go -> What is the prognosis with pericardial effusion? Go -> What is constrictive pericardial disease? Go -> What is pericardial disease in the cat? Go -> Bacterial endocarditis - What is the abnormality? Go -> How does bacterial endocarditis present? Go -> How is bacterial endocarditis diagnosed? Go -> How is bacterial endocarditis treated? Go -> What is the prognosis with bacterial endocarditis?

Heartworm Disease General Go -> What is canine Heartworm Disease? Go -> Discuss the mechanisms of disease induced by heartworm infection. Go -> How does canine Heartworm Disease present? Go -> How is canine Heartworm Disease diagnosed? Go -> How is canine Heartworm Disease treated? Go -> What is the prognosis with canine Heartworm Disease? Go -> How does feline heartworm disease differ from canine heartworm disease? Go -> What is Occult Heartworm Disease? Go -> How does Occult Heartworm Disease present? Go -> How is Occult Heartworm Disease diagnosed? Go -> How is Occult Heartworm Disease treated? Go -> What is the prognosis with Occult Heartworm Disease?

Congenital Heart Disease General Go -> Dog Breed Predilections Go -> Congenital heart disease - general features about shunts Go -> Patent ductus arteriosus: What is the abnormality? Go -> How does patent ductus arteriosus present? Go -> How is patent ductus arteriosus diagnosed? Go -> How is patent ductus arteriosus treated? Go -> What is the prognosis with patent ductus arteriosus? Go -> Aortic Stenosis: What is the abnormality? Go -> How does aortic stenosis present? Go -> How is aortic stenosis diagnosed? Go -> How is aortic stenosis treated? Go -> What is the prognosis with aortic stenosis? Go -> Pulmonic Stenosis: What is the abnormality? Go -> How does pulmonic stenosis present? Go -> How is pulmonic stenosis diagnosed? Go -> How is pulmonic stenosis treated? Go -> What is the prognosis with pulmonic stenosis? Go -> Ventricular Septal Defect: What is the abnormality? Go -> How does ventricular septal defect present? Go -> How is ventricular septal defect diagnosed? Go -> How is ventricular septal defect treated? Go -> What is the prognosis with ventricular septal defect? Go -> Tetralogy of Fallot - What is the abnormality? Go -> How does Tetralogy of Fallot present? Go -> How is Tetralogy of Fallot diagnosed? Go -> How is Tetralogy of Fallot treated? Go -> What is the prognosis with Tetralogy of Fallot? Go -> How does congenital heart disease of cats differ from that of dogs? Go -> What are the causes for syncope?

Electrocardiology General Go -> Code chin c huyn thoi Go -> What is a P wave? What electrocardiographic event does this represent? Go -> What is the PR interval? What is the significance of the PR interval? Go -> What is the significance of the QRS complex? How are a Q, R, S, and QS different? Go -> What is a T wave? What is the significance of a T wave? Go -> What is the significance of a positive deflection in a lead? Of a negative deflection in a lead? Go -> What is the frontal plane diagram? What are the horizontal plane leads? Go -> What is the significance of the MEA of the QRS complex? Go -> Why should I bother determining the MEA? Go -> What is a sinus rhythm? Go -> What is a sinus arrhythmia? Go -> What is a wandering atrial pacemaker? Chamber Enlargement Go -> Approach to the ECG to determine chamber enlargement Go -> What is the significance of a P wave that is too tall or too wide? Go -> What are the electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular enlargement? Go -> What are the electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular concentric hypertrophy? Go -> What is the electrocardiographic evidence of right ventricular enlargement? Normal ECG Parameters Go -> Normal ECG Diagram Go -> Normal Small Animal Electrocardiographic Parameters Dysrhythmias Go -> Approach to the ECG to assess dysrhythmias. Bradycardias Go -> What is bradycardia? Go -> What is sinus bradycardia? Go -> What is heart block? Go -> What is 1st degree Heart Block? Go -> What is 2nd degree Heart Block? Go -> What is 3rd degree Heart Block? Go -> What is Sick Sinus Syndrome? Tachycardias Go -> What is sinus tachycardia? Go -> What are supraventricular premature beats? Go -> What is supraventricular tachycardia? Go -> What is atrial fibrillation? Go -> What are ventricular premature contractions? Go -> When should I begin therapy for premature ventricular contractions? Go -> What is ventricular tachycardia? Go -> Outline criteria to assist in the differentiation of supraventricular and ventricular premature beats. Miscellaneous Go -> What are the electrocardiographic signs of hyperkalemia? Go -> What are the electrocardiographic signs of myocardial hypoxemia/ischemia? Go -> What is the significance of low amplitude QRS complexes in the dog? Go -> What is the significance of wide QRS complexes? Go -> What is aberrancy? Go -> Differentials for Abnormalities on the ECG

Echocardiography Indications in Small Animals Go -> How does Doppler Echocardiography shed light on the presence of diastolic disease of the ventricle? Go -> What is Echocardiography? Go -> How does Doppler Echocardiography detect semilunar valve stenosis? Go -> How does Doppler Echocardiography detect atrio-ventricular valve stenosis? Go -> How does Doppler Echocardiography detect semilunar valve insufficiency? Go -> How does Doppler Echocardiogrpahy detect atrio-ventricular valvular insufficiency? Go -> Can Doppler Echocardiography provide insight into the severity of valvular heart disease? Go -> How is the Doppler Echocardiographic examination different from the routine echocardiographic examination? Go -> How does Doppler Echocardiography assist with the identification of cardiac disease? Go -> What are the Standard Transthoracic Echocardiography Views? Go -> What is Doppler Echocardiography? Go -> Is Echocardiography an invasive procedure? Go -> What is Two-dimensional Echocardiography? Go -> What other disorders can be detected with Doppler Echocardiography? Go -> What is M-mode Echocardiography? Examples to Demonstrate Diagnostic Values Go -> Congenital Heart Disorders Go -> Acquired Disorders Normal M-Mode Parameters Go -> Normal M-Mode Echocardiographic Parameters

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